Glaucoma Treatment: What Works and How to Use It

If you’ve just heard the word "glaucoma," you might wonder what it really means for your eyes. In short, glaucoma is a condition where pressure builds up inside the eye and can damage the optic nerve. The good news? There are several ways to keep that pressure down and protect your sight.

First off, most doctors start with prescription eye drops. These drops work by either reducing the amount of fluid your eye makes or helping it drain faster. Common families include prostaglandin analogs (like latanoprost), beta‑blockers (such as timolol), and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (brinzolamide). You’ll usually need one drop once a day, but sometimes the doctor adds another type if pressure stays high.

When Drops Aren’t Enough: Laser & Surgery

If eye drops don’t lower the pressure enough, laser therapy is the next step. A quick office procedure called selective laser trabecular meshwork (SLT) fires low‑energy pulses at the drainage angle. Most people feel a mild flash and can go home same day. It often reduces the need for multiple drops.

When lasers still aren’t enough, surgeons may suggest procedures like trabeculectomy or tube shunt surgery. These create a new pathway for fluid to exit the eye. Recovery takes a few weeks, and you’ll get instructions on caring for stitches and avoiding heavy lifting. Though it sounds intense, these surgeries have high success rates in keeping pressure steady.

Everyday Habits That Help

Beyond meds, simple lifestyle tweaks can support your treatment plan. Regular aerobic exercise—think brisk walking or cycling—for 30 minutes most days helps lower eye pressure naturally. Keep a balanced diet rich in leafy greens and omega‑3 fatty acids; they’re linked to better eye health.

Avoid drinking lots of caffeine right before bedtime because it can cause a temporary spike in pressure. If you wear contact lenses, follow cleaning instructions carefully; infections can worsen glaucoma.

Most importantly, never skip your follow‑up appointments. Your doctor will measure the pressure and adjust treatment as needed. Even if you feel fine, glaucoma can progress silently.

So, whether you’re starting eye drops, considering laser therapy, or prepping for surgery, remember that managing glaucoma is a team effort between you and your eye specialist. Stick to the plan, stay active, eat well, and keep those check‑ups on your calendar—your eyes will thank you.